Sunday, February 6, 2011

Chapter 17 Atlantic revolutions

Between 1775 and 1875 the French Revolution was the centerpiece of a revolutionary process all around the Atlantic world.  Altantic revolutions had an impact beyond the Atlantic world. The French invaded Egypt,Poland, and Russia and inspired efforts to abolish slavery, give women rights, and extend the franchise in many countries. Nationalism was shaped by revolutions and the principles of equality gave birth to socialism and communism.
The revolutions of North America, Europe, Haiti, and Latin America influenced each other and shared ideas. The North America revolution (1775-1787) was a conservative political movement. It aimed to preserve colonial liberties rather than gaining new ones.  British north America was revolutionary for the society that had alrefu emerged not from itself. There was no significant social transformation that came from the independence from Britain. Many Americans thought they were creating a new world order.
The French revolution (1789-1815) had thousands of French soldiers fight for the American revolutionaries.  The French government soon faced bankruptcy and attempted to modernize the tax system to make it fairer. Unlike the American Revolution the French rising was driven by social conflicts. The French revolution was much more violent, far-reaching, and
Radical than the American Revolution. Then French revolution influence  spread through conquest when Napoleon seized power in 1799. The resentment of French domination stimulated national consciousness throughout Europe.
The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was an example of the French revolution that sparked a sprial of violence but the revolution meant different things to differny people. A massive slave revolt began in 1791 and become a war between a number of factions. Power gradually shifted to the slaves and the result of the revolution became the only successful slave revolt in world history. Haiti's success generated great hope and great fear.
The Spanish American Revolution (1810-1825) was inspired by earlier revolutionary movements. Native born elites in Spanish colonies of Latin America were offended at the Spanish monarchys efforts to control them in the 18 century. The Spanish American revolution had a longer process than in North America because of the fear of social rebellion that shaped the whole independence movement. After Latin america gained independence its traditional relationship with north America was gradually reversed.
The echoes of revolution resulted in the abolition of slavery between 1780 and 1890, nationalism beyond Europe,  and feminisit begenings. The legacies of the Atlantic revolutions are still controversial but to some they opened new world's of human potnetial and to others the revolutions had many victims, critics, and opponents.

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